Which layer lines the heart chambers and is in direct contact with blood?

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The layer that lines the heart chambers and comes into direct contact with blood is the endocardium. It forms a smooth, inner surface for all four chambers and the heart valves, reducing friction as blood flows and protecting the heart muscle from exposure to blood. In contrast, the myocardium is the thick, muscular layer that contracts to pump blood; the epicardium is the outer layer, and the pericardium is the protective sac surrounding the heart.