Which layer lines the chambers of the heart and comes into direct contact with blood?

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The layer that lines the chambers and comes into direct contact with blood is the endocardium. This inner lining covers all four chambers and also lines the heart valves, providing a smooth, low-friction surface so blood can flow efficiently without sticking to the heart tissue. It’s made of endothelial cells with a supportive connective tissue layer and is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels, which helps maintain a seamless interface between the blood and heart tissue. The other layers serve different roles: the myocardium is the thick muscular wall that contracts to pump blood, the epicardium is the outer surface of the heart, and the pericardium is the surrounding protective sac. Endocardium is the only layer that directly contacts blood within the chambers.